Redis安装与配置

Redis 简介

Redis 是完全开源免费的，遵守BSD协议，是一个高性能的key-value数据库。

Redis 与其他 key - value 缓存产品有以下三个特点：

• Redis支持数据的持久化，可以将内存中的数据保存在磁盘中，重启的时候可以再次加载进行使用。
• Redis不仅仅支持简单的key-value类型的数据，同时还提供list，set，zset，hash等数据结构的存储。
• Redis支持数据的备份，即master-slave模式的数据备份。

Redis 优势

• 性能极高 – Redis能读的速度是110000次/s,写的速度是81000次/s 。
• 丰富的数据类型 – Redis支持二进制案例的 Strings, Lists, Hashes, Sets 及 Ordered Sets 数据类型操作。
• 原子 – Redis的所有操作都是原子性的，意思就是要么成功执行要么失败完全不执行。单个操作是原子性的。多个操作也支持事务，即原子性，通过MULTI和EXEC指令包起来。
• 丰富的特性 – Redis还支持 publish/subscribe, 通知, key 过期等等特性。

Redis与其他key-value存储有什么不同？
Redis有着更为复杂的数据结构并且提供对他们的原子性操作，这是一个不同于其他数据库的进化路径。Redis的数据类型都是基于基本数据结构的同时对程序员透明，无需进行额外的抽象。

Redis运行在内存中但是可以持久化到磁盘，所以在对不同数据集进行高速读写时需要权衡内存，因为数据量不能大于硬件内存。在内存数据库方面的另一个优点是，相比在磁盘上相同的复杂的数据结构，在内存中操作起来非常简单，这样Redis可以做很多内部复杂性很强的事情。同时，在磁盘格式方面他们是紧凑的以追加的方式产生的，因为他们并不需要进行随机访问。

Redis的安装和部署

基本知识

1、Redis的数据类型：

　　字符串、列表（lists）、集合（sets）、有序集合（sorts sets）、哈希表（hashs）

2、Redis和memcache相比的独特之处：

　　（1）redis可以用来做存储（storge）、而memcache是来做缓存（cache）。这个特点主要是因为其有“持久化”功能

　　（2）存储的数据有“结构”，对于memcache来说，存储的数据，只有一种类型——“字符串”，而redis则可以存储字符串、链表、集合、有序集合、哈序结构

3、持久化的两种方式：

　　Redis将数据存储于内存中，或被配置为使用虚拟内存。

　　实现数据持久化的两种方式：（1）使用截图的方式，将内存中的数据不断写入磁盘（性能高，但可能会引起一定程度的数据丢失）

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　（2）使用类似mysql的方式，记录每次更新的日志

4、Redis的主从同步：对提高读取性能非常有益

5、Redis服务端的默认端口是6379

Linux下安装Redis

1、先到Redis官网(redis.io)下载redis安装包

2、将其下载到我的/lamp目录下

3、解压并进入其目录

4、编译源程序

　　make

　　cd src

　　make install PREFIX=/usr/local/redis

5、将配置文件移动到redis目录

6、启动redis服务

7、默认情况，Redis不是在后台运行，我们需要把redis放在后台运行

vim /usr/local/redis/etc/redis.conf

　　将daemonize的值改为yes

8、客户端连接

　　/usr/local/redis/bin/redis-cli

9、停止redis实例

　　/usr/local/redis/bin/redis-cli shutdown

　　或者

　　pkill redis-server

10、让redis开机自启

　　vim /etc/rc.local

　　加入

　　/usr/local/redis/bin/redis-server /usr/local/redis/etc/redis-conf

11、接下来我们看看/usr/local/redis/bin目录下的几个文件时什么

　　redis-benchmark：redis性能测试工具

　　redis-check-aof：检查aof日志的工具

　　redis-check-dump：检查rdb日志的工具

　　redis-cli：连接用的客户端

　　redis-server：redis服务进程

Ubuntu下安装

 sudo apt-get install redis-server

Redis的配置

daemonize：如需要在后台运行，把该项的值改为yes

　　pdifile：把pid文件放在/var/run/redis.pid，可以配置到其他地址

　　bind：指定redis只接收来自该IP的请求，如果不设置，那么将处理所有请求，在生产环节中最好设置该项

　　port：监听端口，默认为6379

　　timeout：设置客户端连接时的超时时间，单位为秒

　　loglevel：等级分为4级，debug，revbose，notice和warning。生产环境下一般开启notice

　　logfile：配置log文件地址，默认使用标准输出，即打印在命令行终端的端口上

　　database：设置数据库的个数，默认使用的数据库是0

　　save：设置redis进行数据库镜像的频率

　　rdbcompression：在进行镜像备份时，是否进行压缩

　　dbfilename：镜像备份文件的文件名

　　dir：数据库镜像备份的文件放置的路径

　　slaveof：设置该数据库为其他数据库的从数据库

　　masterauth：当主数据库连接需要密码验证时，在这里设定

　　requirepass：设置客户端连接后进行任何其他指定前需要使用的密码

　　maxclients：限制同时连接的客户端数量

　　maxmemory：设置redis能够使用的最大内存

　　appendonly：开启appendonly模式后，redis会把每一次所接收到的写操作都追加到appendonly.aof文件中，当redis重新启动时，会从该文件恢复出之前的状态

　　appendfsync：设置appendonly.aof文件进行同步的频率

　　vm_enabled：是否开启虚拟内存支持

　　vm_swap_file：设置虚拟内存的交换文件的路径

　　vm_max_momery：设置开启虚拟内存后，redis将使用的最大物理内存的大小，默认为0

　　vm_page_size：设置虚拟内存页的大小

　　vm_pages：设置交换文件的总的page数量

　　vm_max_thrrads：设置vm IO同时使用的线程数量

安装目录内容详解

查看redis安装目录(Yum安装)：

rpm -ql redis

之后系统打印输出下面28个文件记录：

/etc/logrotate.d/redis 
/etc/redis-sentinel.conf 
/etc/redis.conf 
/etc/systemd/system/redis-sentinel.service.d 
/etc/systemd/system/redis-sentinel.service.d/limit.conf 
/etc/systemd/system/redis.service.d 
/etc/systemd/system/redis.service.d/limit.conf 
/usr/bin/redis-benchmark 
/usr/bin/redis-check-aof 
/usr/bin/redis-check-rdb 
/usr/bin/redis-cli 
/usr/bin/redis-sentinel 
/usr/bin/redis-server 
/usr/bin/redis-shutdown 
/usr/lib/systemd/system/redis-sentinel.service 
/usr/lib/systemd/system/redis.service 
/usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/redis.conf 
/usr/share/doc/redis-3.2.3 
/usr/share/doc/redis-3.2.3/00-RELEASENOTES 
/usr/share/doc/redis-3.2.3/BUGS 
/usr/share/doc/redis-3.2.3/CONTRIBUTING 
/usr/share/doc/redis-3.2.3/MANIFESTO 
/usr/share/doc/redis-3.2.3/README.md 
/usr/share/licenses/redis-3.2.3 
/usr/share/licenses/redis-3.2.3/COPYING 
/var/lib/redis 
/var/log/redis 
/var/run/redis

文件记录含义解析：

/etc/logrotate.d/redis

/etc/logrotate.d/ ： 用来存储文件日志文件的轮循(切割转储)设置，（logrotate 程序是一个日志文件管理工具。用来把旧的日志文件删除，并创建新的日志文件，我们把它叫做“转储”。我们可以根据日志文件的大小，也可以根据其天数来转储，这个过程一般通过 cron 程序来执行。
logrotate 程序还可以用于压缩日志文件，以及发送日志到指定的E-mail 。）
/etc/logrotate.d/文件夹下的redis文件，也就是设置了redis的日志文件的轮循参数配置文件。

[root@aidev02 logrotate.d]# cat redis 
/var/log/redis/*.log { 
weekly 
rotate 10 
copytruncate 
delaycompress 
compress 
notifempty 
missingok 
} 
解析 : 
weekly : 指定所有的日志文件每周转储一次。 
rotate 10 : 指定转储文件保存10份 
copytruncate ：用于还在打开中的日志文件，把当前日志备份并截断. 
delaycompress：和 compress 一起使用时，转储的日志文件到下一次转储时才压缩。 
compress：指定压缩转储文件,通过gzip 压缩转储以后的日志，如果不需要压缩，添加注释就可以了 #compress。 
notifempty：如果是空文件的话，不转储 
missingok：如果日志文件不存在,继续处理下一个文件而不产生报错信息.

/etc/redis-sentinel.conf

Redis 的 Sentinel 系统用于管理多个 Redis 服务器（instance）， 该系统执行以下三个任务.

监控（Monitoring）： Sentinel 会不断地检查你的主服务器和从服务器是否运作正常。
提醒（Notification）： 当被监控的某个 Redis 服务器出现问题时， Sentinel 可以通过 API 向管理员或者其他应用程序发送通知。
自动故障迁移（Automatic failover）： 当一个主服务器不能正常工作时， Sentinel 会开始一次自动故障迁移操作， 它会将失效主服务器的其中一个从服务器升级为新的主服务器， 并让失效主服务器的其他从服务器改为复制新的主服务器； 当客户端试图连接失效的主服务器时， 集群也会向客户端返回新主服务器的地址， 使得集群可以使用新主服务器代替失效服务器。
Redis Sentinel 是一个分布式系统， 你可以在一个架构中运行多个 Sentinel 进程（progress）， 这些进程使用流言协议（gossip protocols)来接收关于主服务器是否下线的信息， 并使用投票协议（agreement protocols）来决定是否执行自动故障迁移， 以及选择哪个从服务器作为新的主服务器。

/etc/redis.conf

redis的配置信息文件，里面包含redis的host/ip设置、集群设置、日志设置、数据持久化配置等信息。
可以通过命令redis-server redis.conf 指定redis配置来启动redis。

/etc/systemd/system/redis-sentinel.service.d

redis-sentinel.service.d是用来存储redis-sentinel在系统服务中相关设置的文件夹。
Systemd 是 Linux 系统中最新的初始化系统（init），它主要的设计目标是克服 sysvinit 固有的缺点，提高系统的启动速度Systemd 的很多概念来源于苹果 Mac OS 操作系统上的 launchd。
systemd单元文件可以从两个地方加载，优先级从低到高分别是：/usr/lib/systemd/system/: 软件包安装的单元，/etc/systemd/system/ 系统管理员安装的单元。
当systemd运行在用户模式下时，使用的加载路径是完全不同的。

/etc/systemd/system/redis-sentinel.service.d/limit.conf

limit.conf 文件是 Linux PAM（插入式认证模块，Pluggable Authentication Modules）中 pam_limits.so 的配置文件，而且只针对于单个会话。
cat lomit.conf
—– #If you need to change max open file limit. for example, when you change maxclient in configuration, you can change the LimitNOFILE value below, see “man systemd.exec” for information
[Service]
LimitNOFILE=10240
Group=groupName

/etc/systemd/system/redis.service.d

redis.service.d是用来存储redis在系统服务中相关设置的文件夹。

/etc/systemd/system/redis.service.d/limit.conf

和上面/etc/systemd/system/redis-sentinel.service.d/limit.conf配置一样。

/usr/bin/redis-benchmark

redis-benchmark为Redis性能测试工具。

/usr/bin存放的是一些用户命令， 是你在后期安装的一些软件的运行脚本。
/usr/sbin 放置一些用户安装的系统管理的必备程式.
/bin,/sbin目录是在系统启动后挂载到根文件系统中的。
系统级的组件放在/bin、/lib；
根用户才能访问的放在/sbin；
系统repository提供的应用程序放在/usr/bin、/usr/lib；
用户自己编译的放在/usr/local/XXX。

/usr/bin/redis-check-aof

数据持久化时，用于修复出问题的AOF文件

/usr/bin/redis-check-rdb

用于修复出问题的dump.rdb文件

/usr/bin/redis-cli

redis的客户端

/usr/bin/redis-sentinel

用于集群管理

/usr/bin/redis-server

redis的服务端

/usr/bin/redis-shutdown

停止所有客户端，进行保存，清空所有追加仅文件(如果AOF启用)，并退出服务器。
错误时答复简单字符串。成功时不返回任何结果，因为服务器退出并关闭连接。

/usr/lib/systemd/system/redis-sentinel.service

/usr/lib/ 程序或子系统的不变的数据文件，包括一些site-wide配置文件.名字lib来源于库(library); 编程的原始库存在/usr/lib 里.
/usr/lib/systemd/system/ 文件夹存储 创建单位用的系统配置文件。
redis-sentinel.service系统服务配置文件。
如下：
[Unit]
Description=Redis Sentinel
After=network.target
[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/bin/redis-sentinel /etc/redis-sentinel.conf –daemonize no
ExecStop=/usr/bin/redis-shutdown redis-sentinel
User=redis
Group=redis
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

/usr/lib/systemd/system/redis.service

同上：
[Unit]
Description=Redis persistent key-value database
After=network.target
[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/bin/redis-server /etc/redis.conf –daemonize no
ExecStop=/usr/bin/redis-shutdown
User=redis
Group=redis
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

/usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/redis.conf 

/etc/tmpfiles.d/.conf
/run/tmpfiles.d/.conf
/usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/*.conf
systemd-tmpfiles 使用上述三个目录中的配置文件 来决定如何创建、删除、清理 易变文件与临时文件以及易变目录与临时目录。
这些文件与目录通常位于 /run, /var/run(指向 /run 的软连接), /tmp, /var/tmp, /sys, /proc, /var 目录中。
系统的守护进程经常需要在 /run 目录下拥有专属的运行时目录，以存放套接字或管道之类的文件
.#redis runtime directory
d /run/redis 0755 redis redis -

配置文件的格式是每行对应一个路径，包含下面字段：具体可参考[ http://www.jinbuguo.com/systemd/tmpfiles.d.html ]
| 类型 | 路径 | 权限 | 属主 | 属组 | 寿命 | 参数|
|Type | Path | Mode | UID | GID | Age | Argument|
d /run/user 0755 root root 10d -
L /tmp/foobar - - - - /dev/null

/usr/share/doc/redis-3.2.3

/usr/share/放置共享文件的地方

/usr/share/doc/redis-3.2.3/00-RELEASENOTES

版本说明

/usr/share/doc/redis-3.2.3/BUGS

bugs

/usr/share/doc/redis-3.2.3/CONTRIBUTING

github上code捐献信息

/usr/share/doc/redis-3.2.3/MANIFESTO

声明

/usr/share/doc/redis-3.2.3/README.md

readme文件

/usr/share/licenses/redis-3.2.3

存放redis的许可文件

/usr/share/licenses/redis-3.2.3/COPYING

redis的许可文件COPYING

/var/lib/redis

/var/lib文件夹 存储 系统正常运行时要改变的文件

指定redis本地数据库存放目录

[root@aidev02 redis-3.2.3]# cd /var/lib/redis
[root@aidev02 redis]# ls
dump.rdb

/var/log/redis

/var/log 文件夹 ：各种程序的Log文件，特别是login (/var/log/wtmp log所有到系统的登录和注销) 和syslog (/var/log/messages 里存储所有核心和系统程序信息. /var/log 里的文件经常不确定地增长，应该定期清除.

指定redis本地日志存放目录

/var/run/redis

/var/run/文件夹 ： 保存到下次引导前有效的关于系统的信息文件.例如， /var/run/utmp 包含当前登录的用户的信息.

指定redis引导信息的存放目录

Redis配置

# redis 配置文件示例

# 当你需要为某个配置项指定内存大小的时候，必须要带上单位，
# 通常的格式就是 1k 5gb 4m 等酱紫：
#
# 1k  => 1000 bytes
# 1kb => 1024 bytes
# 1m  => 1000000 bytes
# 1mb => 1024*1024 bytes
# 1g  => 1000000000 bytes
# 1gb => 1024*1024*1024 bytes
#
# 单位是不区分大小写的，你写 1K 5GB 4M 也行

################################## INCLUDES ###################################

# 假如说你有一个可用于所有的 redis server 的标准配置模板，
# 但针对某些 server 又需要一些个性化的设置，
# 你可以使用 include 来包含一些其他的配置文件，这对你来说是非常有用的。
#
# 但是要注意哦，include 是不能被 config rewrite 命令改写的
# 由于 redis 总是以最后的加工线作为一个配置指令值，所以你最好是把 include 放在这个文件的最前面，
# 以避免在运行时覆盖配置的改变，相反，你就把它放在后面（外国人真啰嗦）。
#
# include /path/to/local.conf
# include /path/to/other.conf

################################ 常用 #####################################

# 默认情况下 redis 不是作为守护进程运行的，如果你想让它在后台运行，你就把它改成 yes。
# 当redis作为守护进程运行的时候，它会写一个 pid 到 /var/run/redis.pid 文件里面。
daemonize no

# 当redis作为守护进程运行的时候，它会把 pid 默认写到 /var/run/redis.pid 文件里面，
# 但是你可以在这里自己制定它的文件位置。
pidfile /var/run/redis.pid

# 监听端口号，默认为 6379，如果你设为 0 ，redis 将不在 socket 上监听任何客户端连接。
port 6379

# TCP 监听的最大容纳数量
#
# 在高并发的环境下，你需要把这个值调高以避免客户端连接缓慢的问题。
# Linux 内核会一声不响的把这个值缩小成 /proc/sys/net/core/somaxconn 对应的值，
# 所以你要修改这两个值才能达到你的预期。
tcp-backlog 511

# 默认情况下，redis 在 server 上所有有效的网络接口上监听客户端连接。
# 你如果只想让它在一个网络接口上监听，那你就绑定一个IP或者多个IP。
#
# 示例，多个IP用空格隔开:
#
# bind 192.168.1.100 10.0.0.1
# bind 127.0.0.1

# 指定 unix socket 的路径。
#
# unixsocket /tmp/redis.sock
# unixsocketperm 755

# 指定在一个 client 空闲多少秒之后关闭连接（0 就是不管它）
timeout 0

# tcp 心跳包。
#
# 如果设置为非零，则在与客户端缺乏通讯的时候使用 SO_KEEPALIVE 发送 tcp acks 给客户端。
# 这个之所有有用，主要由两个原因：
#
# 1) 防止死的 peers
# 2) Take the connection alive from the point of view of network
#    equipment in the middle.
#
# On Linux, the specified value (in seconds) is the period used to send ACKs.
# Note that to close the connection the double of the time is needed.
# On other kernels the period depends on the kernel configuration.
#
# A reasonable value for this option is 60 seconds.
# 推荐一个合理的值就是60秒
tcp-keepalive 0

# 定义日志级别。
# 可以是下面的这些值：
# debug (适用于开发或测试阶段)
# verbose (many rarely useful info, but not a mess like the debug level)
# notice (适用于生产环境)
# warning (仅仅一些重要的消息被记录)
loglevel notice

# 指定日志文件的位置
logfile ""

# 要想把日志记录到系统日志，就把它改成 yes，
# 也可以可选择性的更新其他的syslog 参数以达到你的要求
# syslog-enabled no

# 设置 syslog 的 identity。
# syslog-ident redis

# 设置 syslog 的 facility，必须是 USER 或者是 LOCAL0-LOCAL7 之间的值。
# syslog-facility local0

# 设置数据库的数目。
# 默认数据库是 DB 0，你可以在每个连接上使用 select <dbid> 命令选择一个不同的数据库，
# 但是 dbid 必须是一个介于 0 到 databasees - 1 之间的值
databases 16

################################ 快照 ################################
#
# 存 DB 到磁盘：
#
#   格式：save <间隔时间（秒）> <写入次数>
#
#   根据给定的时间间隔和写入次数将数据保存到磁盘
#
#   下面的例子的意思是：
#   900 秒内如果至少有 1 个 key 的值变化，则保存
#   300 秒内如果至少有 10 个 key 的值变化，则保存
#   60 秒内如果至少有 10000 个 key 的值变化，则保存
#　　
#   注意：你可以注释掉所有的 save 行来停用保存功能。
#   也可以直接一个空字符串来实现停用：
#   save ""

save 900 1
save 300 10
save 60 10000

# 默认情况下，如果 redis 最后一次的后台保存失败，redis 将停止接受写操作，
# 这样以一种强硬的方式让用户知道数据不能正确的持久化到磁盘，
# 否则就会没人注意到灾难的发生。
#
# 如果后台保存进程重新启动工作了，redis 也将自动的允许写操作。
#
# 然而你要是安装了靠谱的监控，你可能不希望 redis 这样做，那你就改成 no 好了。
stop-writes-on-bgsave-error yes

# 是否在 dump .rdb 数据库的时候使用 LZF 压缩字符串
# 默认都设为 yes
# 如果你希望保存子进程节省点 cpu ，你就设置它为 no ，
# 不过这个数据集可能就会比较大
rdbcompression yes

# 是否校验rdb文件
rdbchecksum yes

# 设置 dump 的文件位置
dbfilename dump.rdb

# 工作目录
# 例如上面的 dbfilename 只指定了文件名，
# 但是它会写入到这个目录下。这个配置项一定是个目录，而不能是文件名。
dir ./

################################# 主从复制 #################################

# 主从复制。使用 slaveof 来让一个 redis 实例成为另一个reids 实例的副本。
# 注意这个只需要在 slave 上配置。
#
# slaveof <masterip> <masterport>

# 如果 master 需要密码认证，就在这里设置
# masterauth <master-password>

# 当一个 slave 与 master 失去联系，或者复制正在进行的时候，
# slave 可能会有两种表现：
#
# 1) 如果为 yes ，slave 仍然会应答客户端请求，但返回的数据可能是过时，
#    或者数据可能是空的在第一次同步的时候
#
# 2) 如果为 no ，在你执行除了 info he salveof 之外的其他命令时，
#    slave 都将返回一个 "SYNC with master in progress" 的错误，
#
slave-serve-stale-data yes

# 你可以配置一个 slave 实体是否接受写入操作。
# 通过写入操作来存储一些短暂的数据对于一个 slave 实例来说可能是有用的，
# 因为相对从 master 重新同步数而言，据数据写入到 slave 会更容易被删除。
# 但是如果客户端因为一个错误的配置写入，也可能会导致一些问题。
#
# 从 redis 2.6 版起，默认 slaves 都是只读的。
#
# Note: read only slaves are not designed to be exposed to untrusted clients
# on the internet. It's just a protection layer against misuse of the instance.
# Still a read only slave exports by default all the administrative commands
# such as CONFIG, DEBUG, and so forth. To a limited extent you can improve
# security of read only slaves using 'rename-command' to shadow all the
# administrative / dangerous commands.
# 注意：只读的 slaves 没有被设计成在 internet 上暴露给不受信任的客户端。
# 它仅仅是一个针对误用实例的一个保护层。
slave-read-only yes

# Slaves 在一个预定义的时间间隔内发送 ping 命令到 server 。
# 你可以改变这个时间间隔。默认为 10 秒。
#
# repl-ping-slave-period 10

# The following option sets the replication timeout for:
# 设置主从复制过期时间
#
# 1) Bulk transfer I/O during SYNC, from the point of view of slave.
# 2) Master timeout from the point of view of slaves (data, pings).
# 3) Slave timeout from the point of view of masters (REPLCONF ACK pings).
#
# It is important to make sure that this value is greater than the value
# specified for repl-ping-slave-period otherwise a timeout will be detected
# every time there is low traffic between the master and the slave.
# 这个值一定要比 repl-ping-slave-period 大
#
# repl-timeout 60

# Disable TCP_NODELAY on the slave socket after SYNC?
#
# If you select "yes" Redis will use a smaller number of TCP packets and
# less bandwidth to send data to slaves. But this can add a delay for
# the data to appear on the slave side, up to 40 milliseconds with
# Linux kernels using a default configuration.
#
# If you select "no" the delay for data to appear on the slave side will
# be reduced but more bandwidth will be used for replication.
#
# By default we optimize for low latency, but in very high traffic conditions
# or when the master and slaves are many hops away, turning this to "yes" may
# be a good idea.
repl-disable-tcp-nodelay no

# 设置主从复制容量大小。这个 backlog 是一个用来在 slaves 被断开连接时
# 存放 slave 数据的 buffer，所以当一个 slave 想要重新连接，通常不希望全部重新同步，
# 只是部分同步就够了，仅仅传递 slave 在断开连接时丢失的这部分数据。
#
# The biggest the replication backlog, the longer the time the slave can be
# disconnected and later be able to perform a partial resynchronization.
# 这个值越大，salve 可以断开连接的时间就越长。
#
# The backlog is only allocated once there is at least a slave connected.
#
# repl-backlog-size 1mb

# After a master has no longer connected slaves for some time, the backlog
# will be freed. The following option configures the amount of seconds that
# need to elapse, starting from the time the last slave disconnected, for
# the backlog buffer to be freed.
# 在某些时候，master 不再连接 slaves，backlog 将被释放。
#
# A value of 0 means to never release the backlog.
# 如果设置为 0 ，意味着绝不释放 backlog 。
#
# repl-backlog-ttl 3600

# 当 master 不能正常工作的时候，Redis Sentinel 会从 slaves 中选出一个新的 master，
# 这个值越小，就越会被优先选中，但是如果是 0 ， 那是意味着这个 slave 不可能被选中。
#
# 默认优先级为 100。
slave-priority 100

# It is possible for a master to stop accepting writes if there are less than
# N slaves connected, having a lag less or equal than M seconds.
#
# The N slaves need to be in "online" state.
#
# The lag in seconds, that must be <= the specified value, is calculated from
# the last ping received from the slave, that is usually sent every second.
#
# This option does not GUARANTEES that N replicas will accept the write, but
# will limit the window of exposure for lost writes in case not enough slaves
# are available, to the specified number of seconds.
#
# For example to require at least 3 slaves with a lag <= 10 seconds use:
#
# min-slaves-to-write 3
# min-slaves-max-lag 10
#
# Setting one or the other to 0 disables the feature.
#
# By default min-slaves-to-write is set to 0 (feature disabled) and
# min-slaves-max-lag is set to 10.

################################## 安全 ###################################

# Require clients to issue AUTH <PASSWORD> before processing any other
# commands.  This might be useful in environments in which you do not trust
# others with access to the host running redis-server.
#
# This should stay commented out for backward compatibility and because most
# people do not need auth (e.g. they run their own servers).
# 
# Warning: since Redis is pretty fast an outside user can try up to
# 150k passwords per second against a good box. This means that you should
# use a very strong password otherwise it will be very easy to break.
# 
# 设置认证密码
# requirepass foobared

# Command renaming.
#
# It is possible to change the name of dangerous commands in a shared
# environment. For instance the CONFIG command may be renamed into something
# hard to guess so that it will still be available for internal-use tools
# but not available for general clients.
#
# Example:
#
# rename-command CONFIG b840fc02d524045429941cc15f59e41cb7be6c52
#
# It is also possible to completely kill a command by renaming it into
# an empty string:
#
# rename-command CONFIG ""
#
# Please note that changing the name of commands that are logged into the
# AOF file or transmitted to slaves may cause problems.

################################### 限制 ####################################

# Set the max number of connected clients at the same time. By default
# this limit is set to 10000 clients, however if the Redis server is not
# able to configure the process file limit to allow for the specified limit
# the max number of allowed clients is set to the current file limit
# minus 32 (as Redis reserves a few file descriptors for internal uses).
#
# 一旦达到最大限制，redis 将关闭所有的新连接
# 并发送一个‘max number of clients reached’的错误。
#
# maxclients 10000

# 如果你设置了这个值，当缓存的数据容量达到这个值， redis 将根据你选择的
# eviction 策略来移除一些 keys。
#
# 如果 redis 不能根据策略移除 keys ，或者是策略被设置为 ‘noeviction’，
# redis 将开始响应错误给命令，如 set，lpush 等等，
# 并继续响应只读的命令，如 get
#
# This option is usually useful when using Redis as an LRU cache, or to set
# a hard memory limit for an instance (using the 'noeviction' policy).
#
# WARNING: If you have slaves attached to an instance with maxmemory on,
# the size of the output buffers needed to feed the slaves are subtracted
# from the used memory count, so that network problems / resyncs will
# not trigger a loop where keys are evicted, and in turn the output
# buffer of slaves is full with DELs of keys evicted triggering the deletion
# of more keys, and so forth until the database is completely emptied.
#
# In short... if you have slaves attached it is suggested that you set a lower
# limit for maxmemory so that there is some free RAM on the system for slave
# output buffers (but this is not needed if the policy is 'noeviction').
#
# 最大使用内存
# maxmemory <bytes>

# 最大内存策略，你有 5 个选择。
# 
# volatile-lru -> remove the key with an expire set using an LRU algorithm
# volatile-lru -> 使用 LRU 算法移除包含过期设置的 key 。
# allkeys-lru -> remove any key accordingly to the LRU algorithm
# allkeys-lru -> 根据 LRU 算法移除所有的 key 。
# volatile-random -> remove a random key with an expire set
# allkeys-random -> remove a random key, any key
# volatile-ttl -> remove the key with the nearest expire time (minor TTL)
# noeviction -> don't expire at all, just return an error on write operations
# noeviction -> 不让任何 key 过期，只是给写入操作返回一个错误
# 
# Note: with any of the above policies, Redis will return an error on write
#       operations, when there are not suitable keys for eviction.
#
#       At the date of writing this commands are: set setnx setex append
#       incr decr rpush lpush rpushx lpushx linsert lset rpoplpush sadd
#       sinter sinterstore sunion sunionstore sdiff sdiffstore zadd zincrby
#       zunionstore zinterstore hset hsetnx hmset hincrby incrby decrby
#       getset mset msetnx exec sort
#
# The default is:
#
# maxmemory-policy noeviction

# LRU and minimal TTL algorithms are not precise algorithms but approximated
# algorithms (in order to save memory), so you can tune it for speed or
# accuracy. For default Redis will check five keys and pick the one that was
# used less recently, you can change the sample size using the following
# configuration directive.
#
# The default of 5 produces good enough results. 10 Approximates very closely
# true LRU but costs a bit more CPU. 3 is very fast but not very accurate.
#
# maxmemory-samples 5

############################## APPEND ONLY MODE ###############################

# By default Redis asynchronously dumps the dataset on disk. This mode is
# good enough in many applications, but an issue with the Redis process or
# a power outage may result into a few minutes of writes lost (depending on
# the configured save points).
#
# The Append Only File is an alternative persistence mode that provides
# much better durability. For instance using the default data fsync policy
# (see later in the config file) Redis can lose just one second of writes in a
# dramatic event like a server power outage, or a single write if something
# wrong with the Redis process itself happens, but the operating system is
# still running correctly.
#
# AOF and RDB persistence can be enabled at the same time without problems.
# If the AOF is enabled on startup Redis will load the AOF, that is the file
# with the better durability guarantees.
#
# Please check http://redis.io/topics/persistence for more information.

appendonly no

# The name of the append only file (default: "appendonly.aof")

appendfilename "appendonly.aof"

# The fsync() call tells the Operating System to actually write data on disk
# instead to wait for more data in the output buffer. Some OS will really flush 
# data on disk, some other OS will just try to do it ASAP.
#
# Redis supports three different modes:
#
# no: don't fsync, just let the OS flush the data when it wants. Faster.
# always: fsync after every write to the append only log . Slow, Safest.
# everysec: fsync only one time every second. Compromise.
#
# The default is "everysec", as that's usually the right compromise between
# speed and data safety. It's up to you to understand if you can relax this to
# "no" that will let the operating system flush the output buffer when
# it wants, for better performances (but if you can live with the idea of
# some data loss consider the default persistence mode that's snapshotting),
# or on the contrary, use "always" that's very slow but a bit safer than
# everysec.
#
# More details please check the following article:
# http://antirez.com/post/redis-persistence-demystified.html
#
# If unsure, use "everysec".

# appendfsync always
appendfsync everysec
# appendfsync no

# When the AOF fsync policy is set to always or everysec, and a background
# saving process (a background save or AOF log background rewriting) is
# performing a lot of I/O against the disk, in some Linux configurations
# Redis may block too long on the fsync() call. Note that there is no fix for
# this currently, as even performing fsync in a different thread will block
# our synchronous write(2) call.
#
# In order to mitigate this problem it's possible to use the following option
# that will prevent fsync() from being called in the main process while a
# BGSAVE or BGREWRITEAOF is in progress.
#
# This means that while another child is saving, the durability of Redis is
# the same as "appendfsync none". In practical terms, this means that it is
# possible to lose up to 30 seconds of log in the worst scenario (with the
# default Linux settings).
# 
# If you have latency problems turn this to "yes". Otherwise leave it as
# "no" that is the safest pick from the point of view of durability.

no-appendfsync-on-rewrite no

# Automatic rewrite of the append only file.
# Redis is able to automatically rewrite the log file implicitly calling
# BGREWRITEAOF when the AOF log size grows by the specified percentage.
# 
# This is how it works: Redis remembers the size of the AOF file after the
# latest rewrite (if no rewrite has happened since the restart, the size of
# the AOF at startup is used).
#
# This base size is compared to the current size. If the current size is
# bigger than the specified percentage, the rewrite is triggered. Also
# you need to specify a minimal size for the AOF file to be rewritten, this
# is useful to avoid rewriting the AOF file even if the percentage increase
# is reached but it is still pretty small.
#
# Specify a percentage of zero in order to disable the automatic AOF
# rewrite feature.

auto-aof-rewrite-percentage 100
auto-aof-rewrite-min-size 64mb

################################ LUA SCRIPTING  ###############################

# Max execution time of a Lua script in milliseconds.
#
# If the maximum execution time is reached Redis will log that a script is
# still in execution after the maximum allowed time and will start to
# reply to queries with an error.
#
# When a long running script exceed the maximum execution time only the
# SCRIPT KILL and SHUTDOWN NOSAVE commands are available. The first can be
# used to stop a script that did not yet called write commands. The second
# is the only way to shut down the server in the case a write commands was
# already issue by the script but the user don't want to wait for the natural
# termination of the script.
#
# Set it to 0 or a negative value for unlimited execution without warnings.
lua-time-limit 5000

################################ REDIS 集群  ###############################
#
# 启用或停用集群
# cluster-enabled yes

# Every cluster node has a cluster configuration file. This file is not
# intended to be edited by hand. It is created and updated by Redis nodes.
# Every Redis Cluster node requires a different cluster configuration file.
# Make sure that instances running in the same system does not have
# overlapping cluster configuration file names.
#
# cluster-config-file nodes-6379.conf

# Cluster node timeout is the amount of milliseconds a node must be unreachable 
# for it to be considered in failure state.
# Most other internal time limits are multiple of the node timeout.
#
# cluster-node-timeout 15000

# A slave of a failing master will avoid to start a failover if its data
# looks too old.
#
# There is no simple way for a slave to actually have a exact measure of
# its "data age", so the following two checks are performed:
#
# 1) If there are multiple slaves able to failover, they exchange messages
#    in order to try to give an advantage to the slave with the best
#    replication offset (more data from the master processed).
#    Slaves will try to get their rank by offset, and apply to the start
#    of the failover a delay proportional to their rank.
#
# 2) Every single slave computes the time of the last interaction with
#    its master. This can be the last ping or command received (if the master
#    is still in the "connected" state), or the time that elapsed since the
#    disconnection with the master (if the replication link is currently down).
#    If the last interaction is too old, the slave will not try to failover
#    at all.
#
# The point "2" can be tuned by user. Specifically a slave will not perform
# the failover if, since the last interaction with the master, the time
# elapsed is greater than:
#
#   (node-timeout * slave-validity-factor) + repl-ping-slave-period
#
# So for example if node-timeout is 30 seconds, and the slave-validity-factor
# is 10, and assuming a default repl-ping-slave-period of 10 seconds, the
# slave will not try to failover if it was not able to talk with the master
# for longer than 310 seconds.
#
# A large slave-validity-factor may allow slaves with too old data to failover
# a master, while a too small value may prevent the cluster from being able to
# elect a slave at all.
#
# For maximum availability, it is possible to set the slave-validity-factor
# to a value of 0, which means, that slaves will always try to failover the
# master regardless of the last time they interacted with the master.
# (However they'll always try to apply a delay proportional to their
# offset rank).
#
# Zero is the only value able to guarantee that when all the partitions heal
# the cluster will always be able to continue.
#
# cluster-slave-validity-factor 10

# Cluster slaves are able to migrate to orphaned masters, that are masters
# that are left without working slaves. This improves the cluster ability
# to resist to failures as otherwise an orphaned master can't be failed over
# in case of failure if it has no working slaves.
#
# Slaves migrate to orphaned masters only if there are still at least a
# given number of other working slaves for their old master. This number
# is the "migration barrier". A migration barrier of 1 means that a slave
# will migrate only if there is at least 1 other working slave for its master
# and so forth. It usually reflects the number of slaves you want for every
# master in your cluster.
#
# Default is 1 (slaves migrate only if their masters remain with at least
# one slave). To disable migration just set it to a very large value.
# A value of 0 can be set but is useful only for debugging and dangerous
# in production.
#
# cluster-migration-barrier 1

# In order to setup your cluster make sure to read the documentation
# available at http://redis.io web site.

################################## SLOW LOG ###################################

# The Redis Slow Log is a system to log queries that exceeded a specified
# execution time. The execution time does not include the I/O operations
# like talking with the client, sending the reply and so forth,
# but just the time needed to actually execute the command (this is the only
# stage of command execution where the thread is blocked and can not serve
# other requests in the meantime).
# 
# You can configure the slow log with two parameters: one tells Redis
# what is the execution time, in microseconds, to exceed in order for the
# command to get logged, and the other parameter is the length of the
# slow log. When a new command is logged the oldest one is removed from the
# queue of logged commands.

# The following time is expressed in microseconds, so 1000000 is equivalent
# to one second. Note that a negative number disables the slow log, while
# a value of zero forces the logging of every command.
slowlog-log-slower-than 10000

# There is no limit to this length. Just be aware that it will consume memory.
# You can reclaim memory used by the slow log with SLOWLOG RESET.
slowlog-max-len 128

############################# Event notification ##############################

# Redis can notify Pub/Sub clients about events happening in the key space.
# This feature is documented at http://redis.io/topics/keyspace-events
# 
# For instance if keyspace events notification is enabled, and a client
# performs a DEL operation on key "foo" stored in the Database 0, two
# messages will be published via Pub/Sub:
#
# PUBLISH __keyspace@0__:foo del
# PUBLISH __keyevent@0__:del foo
#
# It is possible to select the events that Redis will notify among a set
# of classes. Every class is identified by a single character:
#
#  K     Keyspace events, published with __keyspace@<db>__ prefix.
#  E     Keyevent events, published with __keyevent@<db>__ prefix.
#  g     Generic commands (non-type specific) like DEL, EXPIRE, RENAME, ...
#  $     String commands
#  l     List commands
#  s     Set commands
#  h     Hash commands
#  z     Sorted set commands
#  x     Expired events (events generated every time a key expires)
#  e     Evicted events (events generated when a key is evicted for maxmemory)
#  A     Alias for g$lshzxe, so that the "AKE" string means all the events.
#
#  The "notify-keyspace-events" takes as argument a string that is composed
#  by zero or multiple characters. The empty string means that notifications
#  are disabled at all.
#
#  Example: to enable list and generic events, from the point of view of the
#           event name, use:
#
#  notify-keyspace-events Elg
#
#  Example 2: to get the stream of the expired keys subscribing to channel
#             name __keyevent@0__:expired use:
#
#  notify-keyspace-events Ex
#
#  By default all notifications are disabled because most users don't need
#  this feature and the feature has some overhead. Note that if you don't
#  specify at least one of K or E, no events will be delivered.
notify-keyspace-events ""

############################### ADVANCED CONFIG ###############################

# Hashes are encoded using a memory efficient data structure when they have a
# small number of entries, and the biggest entry does not exceed a given
# threshold. These thresholds can be configured using the following directives.
hash-max-ziplist-entries 512
hash-max-ziplist-value 64

# Similarly to hashes, small lists are also encoded in a special way in order
# to save a lot of space. The special representation is only used when
# you are under the following limits:
list-max-ziplist-entries 512
list-max-ziplist-value 64

# Sets have a special encoding in just one case: when a set is composed
# of just strings that happens to be integers in radix 10 in the range
# of 64 bit signed integers.
# The following configuration setting sets the limit in the size of the
# set in order to use this special memory saving encoding.
set-max-intset-entries 512

# Similarly to hashes and lists, sorted sets are also specially encoded in
# order to save a lot of space. This encoding is only used when the length and
# elements of a sorted set are below the following limits:
zset-max-ziplist-entries 128
zset-max-ziplist-value 64

# HyperLogLog sparse representation bytes limit. The limit includes the
# 16 bytes header. When an HyperLogLog using the sparse representation crosses
# this limit, it is converted into the dense representation.
#
# A value greater than 16000 is totally useless, since at that point the
# dense representation is more memory efficient.
# 
# The suggested value is ~ 3000 in order to have the benefits of
# the space efficient encoding without slowing down too much PFADD,
# which is O(N) with the sparse encoding. The value can be raised to
# ~ 10000 when CPU is not a concern, but space is, and the data set is
# composed of many HyperLogLogs with cardinality in the 0 - 15000 range.
hll-sparse-max-bytes 3000

# Active rehashing uses 1 millisecond every 100 milliseconds of CPU time in
# order to help rehashing the main Redis hash table (the one mapping top-level
# keys to values). The hash table implementation Redis uses (see dict.c)
# performs a lazy rehashing: the more operation you run into a hash table
# that is rehashing, the more rehashing "steps" are performed, so if the
# server is idle the rehashing is never complete and some more memory is used
# by the hash table.
# 
# The default is to use this millisecond 10 times every second in order to
# active rehashing the main dictionaries, freeing memory when possible.
#
# If unsure:
# use "activerehashing no" if you have hard latency requirements and it is
# not a good thing in your environment that Redis can reply form time to time
# to queries with 2 milliseconds delay.
#
# use "activerehashing yes" if you don't have such hard requirements but
# want to free memory asap when possible.
activerehashing yes

# The client output buffer limits can be used to force disconnection of clients
# that are not reading data from the server fast enough for some reason (a
# common reason is that a Pub/Sub client can't consume messages as fast as the
# publisher can produce them).
#
# The limit can be set differently for the three different classes of clients:
#
# normal -> normal clients
# slave  -> slave clients and MONITOR clients
# pubsub -> clients subscribed to at least one pubsub channel or pattern
#
# The syntax of every client-output-buffer-limit directive is the following:
#
# client-output-buffer-limit <class> <hard limit> <soft limit> <soft seconds>
#
# A client is immediately disconnected once the hard limit is reached, or if
# the soft limit is reached and remains reached for the specified number of
# seconds (continuously).
# So for instance if the hard limit is 32 megabytes and the soft limit is
# 16 megabytes / 10 seconds, the client will get disconnected immediately
# if the size of the output buffers reach 32 megabytes, but will also get
# disconnected if the client reaches 16 megabytes and continuously overcomes
# the limit for 10 seconds.
#
# By default normal clients are not limited because they don't receive data
# without asking (in a push way), but just after a request, so only
# asynchronous clients may create a scenario where data is requested faster
# than it can read.
#
# Instead there is a default limit for pubsub and slave clients, since
# subscribers and slaves receive data in a push fashion.
#
# Both the hard or the soft limit can be disabled by setting them to zero.
client-output-buffer-limit normal 0 0 0
client-output-buffer-limit slave 256mb 64mb 60
client-output-buffer-limit pubsub 32mb 8mb 60

# Redis calls an internal function to perform many background tasks, like
# closing connections of clients in timeout, purging expired keys that are
# never requested, and so forth.
#
# Not all tasks are performed with the same frequency, but Redis checks for
# tasks to perform accordingly to the specified "hz" value.
#
# By default "hz" is set to 10. Raising the value will use more CPU when
# Redis is idle, but at the same time will make Redis more responsive when
# there are many keys expiring at the same time, and timeouts may be
# handled with more precision.
#
# The range is between 1 and 500, however a value over 100 is usually not
# a good idea. Most users should use the default of 10 and raise this up to
# 100 only in environments where very low latency is required.
hz 10

# When a child rewrites the AOF file, if the following option is enabled
# the file will be fsync-ed every 32 MB of data generated. This is useful
# in order to commit the file to the disk more incrementally and avoid
# big latency spikes.
aof-rewrite-incremental-fsync yes

Redis配置远程连接

1、防火墙添加6379端口

确保防火墙开启了对6379端口的放行。

2、修改redis.conf

在 redis.conf 中修改以下参数

# 允许任何主机连接、访问

bind 127.0.0.1 改为 bind 0.0.0.0

# 关闭保护模式

protected-mode yes 改为 protected-mode no

# 允许启动后在后台运行，即关闭命令行窗口后仍能运行

daemonize no 改为 daemonize yes

修改完成后，重启redis

./redis-server ../redis.conf
#或
/etc/init.d/redis-server restart